பழமொழி நானூறு

Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu

Four Hundred Proverbs · Each proverb illuminated by a venba verse

Four hundred proverb-and-commentary verses by Muṉṟurai Araiyaṉār, from the Patiṉeṇkīḻkaṇakku anthology. Each verse pairs a classical Tamil proverb (பழமொழி, paḻamoḻi — "old word") with a four-line venba poem that illustrates and deepens its meaning.

Unlike Tirikkaṭukam's triplets or Ciṟupañcamūlam's quintets, Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu takes an existing saying from the oral tradition and asks: what does this proverb mean? The commentary verse does not restate the proverb but approaches it from an angle, placing it in a scene or offering a parallel image. The proverb is the keystone; the verse is the arch that holds it.

400
Verses
400
Proverbs
Muṉṟurai Araiyaṉār
Author
c. 1st–5th
Century CE
The 400 verses are grouped into eleven sections by theme — from virtue and livelihood to friendship, kingship, and the nature of things. Each proverb is the seed; the verse is the tree that grows from it.
I · 1–40
அறன் Araṉ
Virtue
II · 41–80
பொருள் Poruḷ
Wealth
III · 81–120
இன்பம் Iṉpam
Love
IV · 121–160
வீடு Vīṭu
Liberation
V · 161–200
அரசி Araci
Kingship
VI · 201–240
கட்சி Katci
Counsel
VII · 241–280
பயன் Payaṉ
Benefit
VIII · 281–320
நட்பு Naṭpu
Friendship
IX · 321–360
பெருமை Perumai
Greatness
X · 361–380
சிறுமை Ciṟumai
Smallness
XI · 381–400
திறம் Tiṟam
Nature of things

Four Hundred Verses

Each verse: the proverb in Tamil, transliteration, and English · then the commentary verse in four layers